Resistance Analysis and Solar Photovoltaic System Design for Supporting Propulsion on A 30 GT Fishing Vessel
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Maritime transport adds to greenhouse gas emissions, but fishing boats under 100 GT are often overlooked, even though their fuel-heavy operations make diesel engines and generators run inefficiently at low loads. This study creates a resistance–solar energy-balance framework to evaluate the feasibility and fuel reduction potential of solar PV-assisted hybrid propulsion for a 30 GT fishing vessel in tropical waters. Hull resistance and brake power for speeds between 2–10 knots were estimated using Holtrop–Mennen with ITTC-1957 friction; PV output was modelled based on tropical sunlight with temperature adjustments and derating; power-flow simulations covered a 24-hour cycle using an 8.4 kWp array, 28.8 kWh battery, and 10 kW PMSM/BLDC motor across three modes. Frictional resistance was the main factor, while wave-making increased near 9.0 knots; at 4.0 knots, 1.92 kN resistance needed 7.48 kW shaft brake power, showing propulsion feasibility up to ~4.3 knots. The PV system generated 37.8 kWh/day; PV provided up to 66.2% of the propulsion and auxiliary demand. Over 220 days, diesel use of 38,500 L decreased by 3,460 kg (4,119 L), improving fuel efficiency by 10.7%. Integrating PV, battery, and motor reduces diesel reliance in 30 GT fishing fleets.
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