Advancing Precision Medicine: A Review of Drug-Device Combination Products for Individualized Therapy
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: The increasing complexity of chronic diseases has driven the integration of Drug-Device Combination Products (DDCPs) into precision medicine. DDCPs combine pharmaceutical products with delivery devices to enhance treatment efficacy, improve patient compliance, and provide adaptive, real-time solutions for chronic conditions. This research seeks to examine how DDCPs contribute to the development of personalised treatment approaches. A qualitative literature review was conducted using 67 peer-reviewed articles from databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect. The research utilised thematic analysis to uncover major patterns, issues, and potential advancements in the area. The findings indicate that DDCPs, including smart insulin pens, digital inhalers, and implantable drug-delivery systems, significantly improve therapeutic outcomes by enabling personalised, data-driven treatment adjustments. These devices, often integrated with artificial intelligence and biosensors, provide real-time monitoring and personalised dosing. However, challenges such as regulatory hurdles, substantial development expenses and ongoing concerns about data privacy continue to pose major obstacles. Regulatory frameworks vary globally, and economic constraints limit the accessibility of DDCPs, especially within countries with low to moderate income levels. Ethical concerns regarding data security and algorithmic bias are also critical in the deployment of these technologies. In conclusion, while DDCPs hold promise for transforming precision medicine, their widespread implementation faces notable challenges. Addressing regulatory, economic, and ethical issues, alongside fostering innovation through multidisciplinary collaboration, will be essential for maximising the benefits of DDCPs. Upcoming studies ought to prioritise the creation of internationally recognised standards, improving AI algorithms, and ensuring equitable access to these technologies across diverse healthcare systems.
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