A Review of Source-Adaptive Variable Frequency Drive Starting Strategies: A PLC Based Approach for Mitigating Inrush Current in Weak-grid and Generator Fed Industrial System
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The squirrel-cage induction motor is a staple in industrial automation, but its use introduces electromechanical complexities during start-up. Thanks to Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs), the traditional starting torque-inrush dilemma has been largely averted with stiff, low-impedance grids, but the use of VFDs with isolated, high-impedance "weak grids", like dedicated backup generators, has created a new problem. This paper offers a review of the integration of VFDs with weak-grid sources. This review highlights the inefficiency of traditional passive mitigation approaches, such as generator over-sizing, Active Front End (AFE) converters and line reactors. This review recognizes the cost and efficiency drawbacks of such passive conventional mitigation strategies, and examines the transition towards active, software-based mitigation. In particular, it assesses the use of Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) for implementing dynamic, closed-loop adaptive acceleration schemes (such as parabolic S-Curves), as a highly viable, cost-effective approach to guarantee grid stability in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs).
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