Simulation Design of an HMI-Based Monitoring System for Hydroponic Cultivation
Downloads
Hydroponic cultivation offers a promising alternative to conventional agriculture, particularly in urban areas with limited land. Its success, however, depends on maintaining precise conditions such as nutrient concentration, pH, water level, and temperature. Manual monitoring methods are often inefficient, error-prone, and lack real-time accuracy, highlighting the need for automated solutions. This study presents the simulation design of a Human Machine Interface (HMI)-based monitoring system integrated with a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC). The system was developed using Schneider Modicon M221 for control logic and Schneider Magelis GTU for visualization, with programming through EcoStruxure Machine Expert Basic and Vijeo Designer. Key hydroponic parameters were monitored, while actuators such as fans, pumps, and motors were automatically controlled based on predefined thresholds. Simulation results demonstrated reliable performance the fan activated at 36 °C and deactivated at 32 °C, pH and TDS values were displayed with threshold-based alarms (lamps indicator), water levels triggered automated refilling cycles, and nutrient distribution was periodically regulated. These outcomes validate the system’s ability to provide real-time monitoring, improve transparency, and reduce human dependency.
N. D. T. Le et al., “Urban hydroponics for food security: A review,” Sustainability, vol. 14, no. 3, pp. 1–18, 2022.
FAO, The Future of Food and Agriculture – Drivers and Triggers for Transformation. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization, 2022.
Y. Xu and L. Li, “Comparative water use efficiency in hydroponics and soil-based systems,” Agricultural Water Management, vol. 272, 107879, 2023.
J. Patel, S. Singh, and R. Sharma, “Vertical hydroponics for urban agriculture: A review,” Renew. Agric. Food Syst., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 240–252, 2024.
A. Kumar et al., “Eco-efficiency of hydroponic systems compared with conventional farming,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 378, 134671, 2022.
R. Gupta and T. Das, “Environmental benefits of hydroponic cultivation,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 8, 6651, 2023.
J. Nichols et al., “Impact of nutrient concentration on lettuce growth in hydroponics,” HortScience, vol. 57, no. 5, pp. 561–570, 2022.
S. Park and H. Kim, “Monitoring water pH in hydroponics using IoT sensors,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 23122–23135, 2023.
T. Yamada et al., “Environmental parameter optimization in hydroponic greenhouses,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 6, 3777, 2023.
B. Miller, Controlled Environment Agriculture Manual. London, UK: Routledge, 2022.
D. Johnson and K. White, “Manual vs. automated monitoring in hydroponics: A comparative study,” J. Agric. Eng. Res., vol. 53, no. 2, pp. 102–114, 2023.
Z. Wang et al., “Human errors in manual monitoring of hydroponics,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 207, 107704, 2023.
M. Al-Mahmood et al., “The need for precision monitoring in hydroponics,” Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 6, 876541, 2022.
R. Singh et al., “Real-time hydroponic monitoring using wireless sensors,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 12, 4561, 2022.
K. Nguyen et al., “Abnormal condition detection in hydroponics with IoT,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 23, no. 4, pp. 1122–1134, 2023.
M. Ibrahim and A. Khalid, “Bridging manual and automated monitoring in agriculture,” Sustain. Comput. Inform. Syst., vol. 39, 100789, 2023.
Y. Huang and J. Chen, “User-centered monitoring tools in smart farming,” Comput. Ind., vol. 145, 103815, 2023.
P. Zhang et al., “PLC-based automation in agriculture: A case study,” IEEE Access, vol. 10, pp. 45623–45634, 2022.
A. López and C. Silva, “Human–machine interfaces for precision farming,” Agriculture, vol. 13, no. 1, 120, 2023.
M. Rao et al., “Scalable PLC–HMI systems in smart farming,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 210, 107857, 2023.
A. K. Das and F. Alam, “IoT-based hydroponic systems: A review,” IEEE Internet Things J., vol. 10, no. 7, pp. 6211–6223, 2023.
B. Ahmed et al., “Cloud-based hydroponic monitoring platforms,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 390, 136210, 2023.
H. Santos et al., “Smart nutrient monitoring systems in hydroponics,” Agronomy, vol. 13, no. 4, 789, 2023.
M. Torres et al., “Precision control in hydroponic agriculture,” Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol. 388, 134283, 2023.
D. Wu et al., “Digital twins for hydroponic farm monitoring,” IEEE Access, vol. 11, pp. 87541–87553, 2023.
J. Park and S. Lee, “Automation gaps in hydroponic monitoring,” Sustainability, vol. 15, no. 7, 6211, 2023.
[28] A. Silva and F. Costa, “The role of HMIs in agriculture 4.0,” Smart Agriculture, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 335–349, 2022.
M. Patel and D. Kumar, “Hybrid PLC–IoT integration for hydroponics,” Energy Reports, vol. 9, pp. 1022–1034, 2023.
L. Xu et al., “AI in agriculture monitoring,” Artificial Intelligence in Agriculture, vol. 8, pp. 55–68, 2023.
K. Wang, “Predictive analytics for hydroponic growth,” IEEE Trans. Ind. Informatics, vol. 19, no. 8, pp. 9215–9225, 2023.
S. Chen and R. Liu, “Fault detection in hydroponic systems using machine learning,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 212, 107903, 2023.
F. Oliveira et al., “Digital twin-based hydroponic simulations,” Journal of Cleaner Production, vol. 420, 138900, 2023.
Y. Tan et al., “Multi-agent systems for smart farming,” Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev., vol. 186, 113659, 2023.
J. Kim and H. Choi, “Sustainable hydroponic monitoring with renewable energy integration,” Sustainable Cities and Society, vol. 111, 104500, 2023.
